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James Walker FRS, (14 September 1781 – 8 October 1862) was an influential Scottish civil engineer. Born in Falkirk, he was apprenticed to his uncle Ralph Walker. Around 1800 they worked on the design and construction of London's West India and East India Docks. Later, he worked on the Surrey Commercial Docks from about 1810 onwards, remaining as engineer to the Surrey Commercial Dock Company until his death in 1862. In 1821 Walker built his first lighthouse, the West Usk Lighthouse, near Newport, South Wales.〔(West Usk Lighthouse )〕 He went on to build another 21 lighthouses. Walker was the senior partner of the consulting engineering firm of ''Messrs. Walker and Burges'' (of Limehouse), Burges having first became his pupil in 1811 and risen to partner in 1829.〔 In 1832 their offices moved to 44 Parliament Street, Westminster (which lies at southern end of Whitehall) and then to 23 George Street.〔 In 1853 he promoted James Cooper, one of his assistants, to the partnership with the firm then being known as ''Messrs. Walker, Burges & Cooper''. Walker succeeded his associate Thomas Telford as President of the Institution of Civil Engineers, serving from 1834 to 1845. He was also chief engineer of Trinity House, hence his considerable involvement with coastal engineering and lighthouses. He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1857.〔http://www.iesis.org/honorary-fellows.html〕 He is buried beneath a humble gravestone in St Johns churchyard in Edinburgh against a retaining wall on one of the southern terraces. ==Projects and other work== Walker worked on various engineering projects, including: *Greenland Dock, London (c. 1808 – c. 1862) *Vauxhall Bridge, London (1816, since demolished) *Poplar Workhouse, London (c. 1815 - c. 1817), designer 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 pages = 77–90 )〕 *West Usk Lighthouse, near Newport, South Wales〔(【引用サイトリンク】 pages = 97, 98 )〕 *Survey for the Leeds and Selby Railway (1829)〔The North Eastern Railway; its rise and development, William Weaver Tomlinson, 1915, p. 203, (online version via ''www.archive.org'' )〕 *Survey for the Leipzig–Dresden Railway (1835)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~jjlace/part7.html )〕 *Hull and Selby Railway (survey and consulting engineer, 1834, 1836–40).〔See within Hull and Selby Railway〕 *Start Point lighthouse, Devon (1836)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 page = 86 )〕 *Advice on alignment of Hereford and Gloucester Canal (1838) *Improvements to Aberdeen Harbour (1838) *Wolf Rock beacon and lighthouse (1840–1862) *Trevose Head Lighthouse〔(【引用サイトリンク】 pages = 92, 93 )〕 (1844–1847) * ''River Severn and South Wales Railway'' (1845), a report that blocked Brunel's plans for railway bridges across the River Severn. *Gunfleet Lighthouse,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 page = 77 )〕 off Frinton-on-Sea, Essex (1850) *Design of the East Bute Dock, Cardiff (1855)〔 *Whitby North〔(【引用サイトリンク】 pages = 67 )〕 and Whitby South〔(【引用サイトリンク】 page = 68 )〕 lighthouses, near Ling Hill, High Whitby (1857–58)〔 *Bishop Rock lighthouse (1858)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 page = 91 )〕 *Needles Lighthouse, Isle of Wight (1859)〔(【引用サイトリンク】page=82 )〕 *Completion of the Caledonian Canal (1838–1848) *Alderney breakwater, Channel Islands (1847) and harbour〔(【引用サイトリンク】 date = 12 April 1862 )〕 (1862) *St Catherine’s Harbour, Jersey, Channel Islands (1847–1856) *Improvements to navigation in the River Tyne (1853–1861) *Houses of Parliament, consulting engineer for the Clock Tower (also known as Big Ben) as well as the Victoria Tower and Central Tower (1836–1859),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=452 )〕 cofferdam for the riverside foundations and terrace (1837–49)〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url = http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=96 )〕 Walker was also involved in designing a dock harbour in Hamburg (1845, with William Lindley and Heinrich Hübbe). He was also involved in the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, preparing a report on the merits of stationary and locomotive engines along with other notable engineers of the day. He was also for a long period consulting engineer to the Board of Admiralty. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Walker (engineer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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